Civil courts of first instance

Verified 12 April 2024 - Directorate for Legal and Administrative Information (Prime Minister)

The civil courts of first instance are the courts that are adjudicating for the first time on litigation between private persons. These courts do not impose criminal penalties, but they may order one of the parties to the dispute to pay a sum of money. At any stage of the proceedings, the civil judge may also require the parties to meet with a mediator appointed by him.

  • Judicial Tribunal

    The Judicial Court handles all civil cases (e.g. neighborhood dispute, poorly executed contract, outstanding debt) that have not been assigned to another court. In such cases, the court of justice has jurisdiction regardless of the value of the dispute (less than or greater than €10,000).

    It also judges family cases (for example, divorce or maintenance claims for a child) and inheritance cases.

    In addition to the court, there are community courts.

    The local court handles disputes with a value less than €5,000.

    Voir la page "Judicial Tribunal" sur le site www.justice.fr

    Ministry of Justice

  • Labor Council

    Labor Council adjudicates labor disputes in the private sector. It is composed of lay judges (male labor counselors) representing equally employees and employers.

    Voir la page "Labor Council" sur le site travail-emploi.gouv.fr

    Ministry of Labor

  • The Commercial Court

    The Commercial Court adjudicates on disputes concerning the acts of commerce of companies and commitments entered into by merchants or banks. It also fulfills an administrative function through its Registry.

    Voir la page "The Commercial Court" sur le site www.justice.gouv.fr

    Ministry of Justice

  • The Joint Rural Lease Court

    The Joint Rural Lease Court shall have jurisdiction to settle disputes arising out of the execution of a contract rural lease.

    Voir la page "The Joint Rural Lease Court" sur le site www.justice.gouv.fr

    Ministry of Justice

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